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Setting the stage for the Middle Ages - role of the Church

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"The rude and unlettered barbarian tribes who had eclipsed the rule of the Roman Empire were led by the Roman Church. The Church provi...

Setting the stage for the Middle Ages - daily life

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" The sixth century marked the beginning of the Dark Ages in western Europe. While the Byzantine Empire generally prospered, despite ...

On Prophet Muhammad’s Covenants with Christians

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In his paper " Religious Pluralism and Civic Rights in a “Muslim Nation”: An Analysis of Prophet Muhammad’s Covenants with Christians...

Financing the Crusades - Papal support

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" The privileges of popes and princes for the crusaders reveal the great importance of credit arrangements in financing the crusades....

Financing the military orders in medieval times

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" Ultimately the financial support of the military orders and the confraternities derived from the alms and legacies of the faithful....

Financing the Crusades - the "lesser men" and their partnerships

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The communal organization of the "lesser men", the middle classes, revealed itself in their crusades, which took now the character...

March 18, 2017, the 703rd anniversary death of Jacques de Molay

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On March 18, 2017 we commemorated the 703rd anniversary of the death of the last official Grand Master of the Knights Templar, Jacques de ...

Financing the Crusades - mortgages, loans and gifts

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" (It were) loans by which crusaders perhaps most commonly financed their journeys. They borrowed from kings and princes, from monas...

Financing the Crusades - saving, selling and plundering

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Crusading was not a cheap thing. How did the individual crusader finance his journey?