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Bernard's conversion - a family matter of spiritual and material importance

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When the young squire Bernard de Fontaine, the later Cistercian abbot Bernard de Clairvaux, entered monastic life at Citeaux, he was not alo...

The Fall of Ruad (Arwad) Island on 29 September 1302: The Last Templar Bridgehead Lost

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By 1302 the Crusader enterprise in the Levant had reached its terminal phase. The Fall of Ruad (Arwad) on 29 September 1302 represented not ...

Crusading Before the Crusades - Rewriting Medieval History

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For over a century, historians have pointed to Pope Urban II's dramatic call at Clermont in 1095 as the moment when crusading was born, ...

From Novice to Abbot: Bernard of Clairvaux’s Formative Years at Cîteaux

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Bernard of Clairvaux underwent his formative monastic training at Cîteaux under Abbot Stephen Harding between 1112 (the year of him entering...

Noble Seals: Cistercian and Templar Devotion Through Heraldic Imagery

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Medieval nobility in southern France adopted religious symbolism in their personal seals. How did two prominent families, who embraced diffe...

The Monastic Legacy of La Brenne: How Medieval Monks Created France's Lake District

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In the heart of central France lies one of Europe's most remarkable landscapes - a mosaic of over 2,500 shimmering ponds and lakes sca...

Medieval monasteries in the Netherlands

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"The historical development of monastic life in the present-day Netherlands made a late start in comparison with the surroundin...

Sacred Power: The Relics of the Knights Templar Chapel in Acre

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In the heart of the Crusader stronghold of Acre, the Knights Templar established more than just a military base. They also founded the Knigh...

A possible Templar site at Westervelde near Norg, the Netherlands

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In the hamlet of Westervelde, southwest of Norg, Drenthe, the Netherlands, there are many toponyms that contain the term "Tempel"....