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Formalising the Templar military initiative - the Nablus Council, January, 1120

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On January 16, 1120 the Council of Nablus of ecclesiastic and secular lords of the Kingdom was convened by Warmund, Patriarch of Jerusalem,...

Key Players in the Rural Clearance of Medieval Europe 1050-1150

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Between about 1050 and 1150, Europe underwent one of the most transformative periods in its environmental and social history. Forests, marsh...

Frisian Crusaders - Fierce Fighters Without Lords

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From the late eleventh century onward, warriors from the Frisian coastal regions, a region stretching along the North Sea coast from the nor...

Christmas and the medieval Templars

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Did the medieval Templars celebrate Christmas and if so, how? 

Medieval Islamic Coines Found at Cluny Abbey, France

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In September 2017, archaeologists of Université Lumière Lyon 2 and CNRS excavating the historic Abbey of Cluny in Burgundy, France, uncovere...

The early years of Geoffrey de Bouillon - on the job training for the First Crusade

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Geoffrey (Godefroi, Godfrey ) de Bouillon, born around 1060, was a member of a prominent noble family in Bouillon, in the Ardennes region (n...

Forests to Farmland - Drivers of the Age of Clearance in Medieval Europe

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Between about 1050 and 1150, Europe underwent one of its most dramatic environmental and social transformations. Vast forests, wetlands, and...

Abbot Bernard de Clairvaux - Asceticism, Ailment and Growth

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In 1112, after living the first 22 years of his life as a member of Burgundian nobility , Bernard de la Fontaine (1090/1091 - 1153) entered ...

Muhammad’s Covenants and Medieval Holy Land Pluralism (1050-1300)

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Between 1050 and 1300, the Holy Land was shaped by conflict yet also by enduring traditions of coexistence. Early Islamic covenants attribut...