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Muslim-Christian alliance in early crusader times

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Before and at the start of the First Crusade " An alliance existed between the Crusaders and the (muslim; TN) Fatimid rulers of Egypt ...

Development of ecclesiastical Templar legistlation

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"The ecclesiastical legislative body by which the friars of the Temple govern themselves underwent many logical adaptations to suit the...

Noble legacies to the Knights Templar

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" An astonishing enthusiasm was excited throughout Christendom on behalf of the Templars. Princes and nobles, sovereigns and their su...

Templar hospitals normal features in medieval France

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" The care of hospitals also falls within the remit of the military order of the Knights Templar. (...) Alms are one of the concerns ...

Muslim-Christian coexistence during the crusading period

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" (...) During the Crusades, coexistence manifested itself in another way. Richard the Lionheart (king of England, 1189–1199) attempt...

Dhimma - diversity and multiculturalism in medieval Islam

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"It might be surprising to imagine that the societies of the medieval Mediterranean were brimming with diversity.  (...) Linguistic and...

11th century Benedictine translations of Islamic manuscripts

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"Peter the Venerable (c. 1092 – 25 December 1156) was between 1122 and 1156 abbot of the Benedictine abbey of Cluny. Despite his activ...

Medieval Anatolian architectural hybridities

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  Until the establishment of Ottoman suzerainty over the region in the mid-fifteenth century, Anatolia was a place of cultural “betweenness...

Medieval Benedictine anti-islam manuscripts by Peter of Cluny

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Peter the Venerable (c. 1092 – 25 December 1156) was between 1122 and 1156 the 8th abbot of the Benedictine abbey of Cluny. (...) His greate...