Monastic developments in 11th to 13th century religious Western Europe

The onset of the Cistercian and Templar Orders was defined to a great extent by the changing historical context of  in 11th to 13th century religious Western Europe. What were the main aspects?

Christian monastic presence and influence in the pre-crusade Muslim world

Since the earliest days of Islam, christian monasticism was a protected institution of a protected religious minority. This protected status of Christianity and monasticism in early Islamic society is emphasized by the important roles some Christians played under islamic rule.